{"id":3219,"date":"2019-01-29T14:46:41","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T14:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/?p=3219"},"modified":"2019-10-12T15:08:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-12T15:08:43","slug":"pioneer-radio-aired-jazz-and-country-music-from-paducah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/?p=3219","title":{"rendered":"Pioneer Radio Aired Jazz and Country Music from Paducah"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Twenty-Eighth in a Series<\/em><\/p>\n<p>By Matt Chaney, for ChaneysBlog.com<\/p>\n<p>Posted Tuesday, January 29, 2019<\/p>\n<p>Copyright\u00a0\u00a92019 for historical arrangement and original content by Matthew L. Chaney, Four Walls Publishing<\/p>\n<p>H.R. Lovelace\u2019s new radio was malfunctioning at his home in Charleston, Mo., approaching midnight on Dec. 8, 1922. The set produced only static and hum, and Lovelace wanted to hear jazz from station WIAR in Paducah, Ky., 43 miles away over delta flatland. Time was running out.<\/p>\n<p>Loveless determined the problem was faulty antenna grounding, which wouldn\u2019t be fixed in cold windy darkness. An antenna had to be improvised indoors, quickly. A few WIAR listeners used bedsprings for backup reception, including a guy in Pennsylvania, but Lovelace chose copper wire instead, a spool of D.C.C., double-cotton covered. He rushed through the house, wrapping the beige line around chair posts and wending to the receiver. He hooked in the replacement \u201caerial\u201d and tuned to 360 meters, electro-magnetic wavelength for WIAR, and hit live music immediately.<\/p>\n<p>The jazz horns came in clear and amplified, music from studio by Hillman\u2019s Orchestra, top black group in Paducah. Lovelace jotted a note to WIAR: \u201cYour dance program heard around 11:45 fine. Also caught some conversation. Heard some young fellow asking a young lady for the next dance, and I could also hear the movement of feet.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The dance broadcast was among earliest in radio, with WIAR among the South\u2019s initial stations, transmitting long distance through open airwaves. Paducah radio reached nationwide and into Canada, Cuba, generating 100 watts from the lower Ohio Valley. \u00a0River jazz and ragtime hooked listeners. \u201cSyncopated harmony, mellow as the Kentucky moonlight\u2026 from broadcasting station WIAR,\u201d the station promoted at Christmas 1922.<\/p>\n<p>Radios were multiplying across the delta of southeast Missouri, southern Illinois, western Kentucky and Tennessee, amounting to a few thousand sets. Folks tended their radio contraptions like gardens, harvesting entertainment from \u201cthe circumambient ether.\u201d Young and old tinkered day and night, adjusting tubes and antenna get-ups to catch distant stations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is a novelty\u2014in some measure a fad, perhaps\u2014but undoubtedly there is much pleasure to be derived from listening in on the inspiring programs which come from far-away cities\u2014music rendered by the best orchestras or vocalists,\u201d remarked O.W. Chilton, newspaper publisher in Caruthersville.<\/p>\n<p>Music over the airwaves was transcendent, dissolving distance and isolation for audience. \u201cThe wonder of radio has never failed to intrigue me,\u201d waxed T.H. Alexander, Nashville columnist. \u201cEach night I tune [in] with a new thrill as the stations march by with their gay music, floating in the air like banners\u2026 Turn the dial and rescue the faint music. It booms in, maybe from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Escape through entertainment wasn\u2019t novel in the northern delta, still a marshy basin although populating rapidly. Circuses, showboats and excursion steamers were mainstays while theaters, dance halls and honky-tonks dotted the sandy ridges. Automobiles were proliferating along with leisure drivers, and in summer motorboats plied the rivers, toting sunbathers to sandbars. But the radio experience could be private and homebound, affordable and peaceful, unlike outings that posed risk in these parts, especially for armed drunks.<\/p>\n<p>Pioneer Paducah radio lasted less than a year under two owners, the Rudy merchant family and <em>Evening Sun<\/em> newspaper. But WIAR aired long enough to imprint broadcast entertainment of America.<\/p>\n<p>Businessman J. Henry Rudy was station founder, a \u201cwireless\u201d enthusiast before radio broadcasts reached town in 1920, from Pittsburgh and Detroit, elsewhere. By then Rudy\u2019s Department Store blasted phonograph music through upper-floor windows along Broadway. Rudy\u2019s Store staged concerts such as W.C. Handy, recording star and \u201cFather of The Blues,\u201d with his incredible Memphis band.<\/p>\n<p>Paducah radio\u2014\u201cRudy\u2019s Station\u201d\u2014 debuted with live music on Saturday, July 15, 1922, from third floor of the store. The Kentucky Jazz Band performed, fittingly, local black group originally assembled by Fate Marable, star bandleader of Streckfus steamers. Milestone programming besides jazz blowers included pop artists, string pickers and gospel singers, long before similar radio in Chicago and Nashville. For bands with a beat on WIAR, dancing couples sashayed about the studio, inspiring musicians and listeners.\u00a0The WIAR \u201ctruck radio\u201d patrolled streets, making musical loops along the Ohio riverfront and foothills of town.<\/p>\n<p>No single performer attracted audience like Joe Mangrum, age 70, concerto violinist, country fiddler, and blind since infancy. A Southern great, Mangrum\u2019s moribund showbiz career was revived on WIAR, launching his course to the future Grand Ole Opry. At Paducah in 1922, his star was arisen through the synergy of radio and olden country music. \u201cBlind Joe\u201d Mangrum was suddenly chic, a dean of \u201cold-time fiddlers\u201d blowing up in popularity.<\/p>\n<p>Paducah radio was onto something. \u201cHow\u2019s the Bluegrass Country?\u201d a listener card greeted from New York City. \u201cYou are putting it on Broadway.\u201d Another fan wrote WIAR from Kansas, requesting \u201cmore of that old-fashioned Southern music.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hot jazz was a given for radio marketing but <em>hillbilly music<\/em>, as to become known, would prove the wellspring for epic broadcasting.\u00a0Indeed, banjos filled radio air gaps on election night 1920, for the landmark broadcast by Westinghouse station KDKA in East Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCommercial potential had never been totally absent from southern rural music, but the radio provided a means of immediate and widespread exposure far more advantageous than any medium yet created,\u201d observed modern musicologist Bill C. Malone, author of <em>Southern Music, American Music<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf some people rejected hillbilly music because of what they considered its crassness, others may have gravitated toward it because it represented to them an image of an older and simpler America, and an alternative to the frenetic dance music of the Twenties.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>In the early 1860s at Dresden, Tenn., two local boys were a curiosity together, palling about town. One was black, a slave, William Alonzo Janes, leading around a white kid, Joseph Mangrum, who was \u201cblind as a bat.\u201d As Joseph stumbled in step, William took his hand. The kids didn\u2019t care about their differences because they had fun, especially sharing music. William played banjo, Joseph violin, and each shed his burdens in song and dance, their mutual passion.<\/p>\n<p>Mangrum was a musical wunderkind by age 9 and accomplished at 12, per accounts. He taught himself violin and memorized songs by ear, with no formal instruction. \u201cI remember the first piece I learned to play,\u201d Mangrum would say. \u201cIt was <em>Come Thou Fount of Every Blessing<\/em>. I learned to play <em>Listen to the Mocking Bird<\/em> by following a mocking bird across the square at Dresden.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1935, a few years after Mangrum\u2019s death in Nashville, William A. Janes discussed his late friend, and slavery, during a newspaper interview in northern Illinois. For the 85-year-old Janes, his native west Tennessee stood in memory, the towns and plantations, low hills and bottoms across the Mississippi from Bootheel Missouri. Dresden was the seat of Weakley County, where the delta\u2019s eastern rim met uplands. It was key crossroads for well-traveled routes northward, some 65 miles apiece, leading to Cairo, Ill., and Paducah, Ky. Armies ranged over the area during the Civil War, Union and Confederate, along with marauding gangs.<\/p>\n<p>Janes described \u201cdread, fear and wonder\u201d of human bondage in his youth. \u201cMy life prior to emancipation of the slaves was experienced by the majority of boys who had both a master and a taskmaster. I worked in the cotton fields. We grew tobacco, hemp, flax, peanuts and yams.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe constant grind of toil; the conduct of the whitecaps or ghost riders, as they were called before they became known as the Ku Klux [Klan]; the dread of being sold away from our loved ones and acquaintances, terrorized and intimidated,\u201d he said. \u201cThe rebel and Confederate guerillas\u2026 added no small amount of fear in me. But through it all I emerged whole and free.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen it came to the song and dance, we were there! The white children would join us in the dance, to music furnished by the singers and \u2018patters.\u2019 Occasionally we had the luxury of a five-stringed banjo, a mighty orchestra in its day.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Janes and Mangrum performed music together in the postwar then took divergent paths. Janes moved on to Kentucky then Illinois, farming and playing music\u2014a standout violinist he became, too, inspired by his friend.<\/p>\n<p>The name Blind Joe Mangrum\u2014or \u201cMangum\u201d as commonly misspelled\u2014became legend. \u201cHe is a most excellent musician, and can justly be styled a prodigy,\u201d <em>The Memphis Appeal <\/em>stated in 1882. Nashville columnists and correspondents heaped praise, anointing Mangrum as violin virtuoso of west Tennessee, \u201cgreatest master in the South,\u201d among reviews.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHis <em>Mocking Bird<\/em> is acknowledged by competent critics to be the finest thing they ever heard.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangrum performed with \u201cFiddling Bob Taylor,\u201d Tennessee politician whose musical campaigning caught national attention. Taylor charmed state voters to win the gubernatorial election of 1886, defeating his brother Alfred, also a string player. Governor Robert Taylor was a folk hero for many, \u201cOur Bob,\u201d with fiddler Blind Joe part of the lore.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMangrum\u2026 is undoubtedly a genius,\u201d declared the <em>Jackson Clarion-Ledger<\/em> in Mississippi, 1894, about the time the musician turned 40. \u201cHis lost sense [of eyesight] seems to have been given entirely to touch and ear. Besides being a skillful performer he is a composer, and his productions have given delight to many.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangrum preferred operatic and classical pieces, but folks raved over his country fiddling, and he was supremely confident in old-time songs. One night at Jackson, Tenn., Jenny Day\u2019s Southern Hotel, circa 1900, Mangrum listened to hoedowns of a young man with fiddle. When the novice melody segued into\u00a0<em>Arkansas Traveler<\/em>, Mangrum interjected.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBoy, let me show you something,\u201d he said, &#8220;breaking down&#8221; on bow and violin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd he played that old classic as I never heard it before,\u201d a witness remembered, adding: \u201cSo long as Mrs. Day lived and Joe went to Jackson, he had a free room and a meal ticket in the Southern Hotel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jenny Day was among guardian types for Mangrum in the Mid-South, enabling him to travel, maneuver and rest. Likewise friends and relatives cared for him in Illinois, Arkansas and Mississippi. The families were often affluent, hosting him for days, weeks or months.<\/p>\n<p>Yet in middle age, the sightless man needed others to lead him around and interpret information. Mangrum declined offers to tour Eastern cities because expenses wouldn\u2019t pay for family or friend to accompany him. Blind Joe relied on people whose voices he recognized, with familiar ground under foot.<\/p>\n<p>Homey sanctuaries grew fewer for Mangrum at turn of the century. He bounced among jobs and locales, living for periods at Union City, Tenn., Cairo and Paducah, showing up at the latter in 1906. \u201cMr. Mangrum is well-known in Paducah, where he has spent several years of his life at various times,\u201d a scribe reported. Blind Joe himself was impressed with new streets and sidewalks in town: \u201cNo more high steppings, bumps and loose plank culverts to trip you up,\u201d he complimented.<\/p>\n<p>The musician played for coins on streets, for meals at churches, and, sometimes, for lone listeners in nickelodeons. Friends and relatives urged Mangrum to accept gainful employment <em>somewhere<\/em>, befitting his talent. News writers pleaded same, and a Cairo paper admonished locals for failing to support Mangrum at nickel shows, forcing his departure from town. Mangrum twice headed for St. Louis, agreeing to major gigs supposedly permanent, only to leave both shortly. A reporter noted \u201cthis maker of melodies knows no real resting place, for like a gypsy he visits many places.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangrum\u2019s dilemma even made fiction of a novelist friend, Annie Somers Gilchrist. The writer was known for devising characters of stark resemblance to acquaintances and family. Violinist \u201cBlind Joe Mangrum\u201d was a figure by name, hardly fictionalized as the man himself, in her story <em>The Night-Rider\u2019s Daughter<\/em>. The setting was Union City and Reelfoot Lake in the west Tennessee bottoms, across the Mississippi from New Madrid.<\/p>\n<p>In the novel Mangrum was houseguest of Squire Lomax, Mrs. Lomax and son Algernon at their lake farm. One evening the family desired music and Algernon fetched Joe from upstairs. \u201cFootsteps on the carpeted stairs were heard descending\u2014some steady, some uncertain and hesitating,\u201d narrated Gilchrist.<\/p>\n<p>Algernon led Joe by hand into the parlor, for hearty greetings from the squire. Joe was seated, provided his violin and bow, and Mrs. Lomax accompanied on piano. Gilchrist continued in the passage:<\/p>\n<p><em>Every note of <\/em>The Mocking Bird<em> was exquisitely rendered. Wonderful trills, staccato notes, and legato strains pulsed out on the starry October night\u2026 When the last wonderful phrasing died on the air, a deep breath heaved from the massive breast of the \u2019Squire.<\/em> <em>After an impressive pause, the lady said:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cJoe, you are a genius, a wonder. Why don\u2019t you go starring and make a future for yourself?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cI don\u2019t want to go among strangers unless my brother or some of my near friends would go with me. My blindness\u2014\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cI understand, Joe; but Ole Bull, for all his great fame, couldn\u2019t play with you. I\u2019ve heard him; he couldn\u2019t draw such strains from the violin as you drew tonight.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>He bent his head, and said in a low voice:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cThank you, Mrs. Lomax. Shall we play the <\/em>Serenade<em>?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cNot unless you want to, Joe,\u201d said the \u2019Squire. \u201cLet\u2019s keep <\/em>The Mocking Bird<em> in our souls tonight. The <\/em>Serenade<em> will drive him away. Suppose we all retire.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>His wife closed the piano, Algernon put the violin in its case, and, while his parents vanished into an adjoining room, he led the blind musician upstairs to his apartment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The novel was written as real Joe Mangrum apparently got the break everyone hoped for. He signed a vaudeville contract to tour Southern cities, reportedly for $200 a week, commencing in spring 1909. Newspapers of at least three states applauded the development.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMr. Mangrum has been generous with his gifts and has made no attempt heretofore to commercialize his ability,\u201d commented <em>The Louisville Courier-Journal<\/em>. \u201cHe has spent most of his life in a comparatively small radius of country, playing for charity entertainments and for the delectation of his friends. In his limited field, however, he has delighted thousands of people with his playing, and all who know him have confidence that his venture in vaudeville will prove successful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the event that his Southern trip, which is something in the nature of a tryout, should show satisfactory results, he is promised booking on the Eastern circuit.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangrum lit up Montgomery, Ala., wowing audiences of the Theatrical Club and the Majestic Theatre. At Little Rock, crowds turned out at the Majestic and Elks Club.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJoe Mangrum, a blind violinist, is of the kind usually seen at advanced prices,\u201d reviewed <em>The Arkansas Democrat<\/em>. \u201cHe has the technique and the execution. His playing is perfect, containing melody, harmony, volume, and touch\u2026 a wizard with the stringed instrument.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMr. Mangrum plays with much expression and got several encores,\u201d added <em>The Arkansas Gazette<\/em>. \u201cBlind Joe Mangrum was received with great applause.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Then news coverage stopped cold. Mangrum\u2019s vaudeville tour had ended quickly as begun, for whatever reason. Soon the blind artist was back in west Tennessee and Kentucky, seeking livelihood and refuge.<\/p>\n<p><em>Writer and consultant Matt Chaney is compiling a book on historical song and dance, tentatively titled <\/em>River Music and Rockabilly in the Northern Delta<em>. For more information see the\u00a0<\/em>ChaneysBlog<em>\u00a0page\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/?p=2676\">\u201cMusic History and Legend of the Missouri Delta.\u201d<\/a><em>\u00a0For information on Chaney\u2019s previous books, visit\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fourwallspublishing.com\/\">www.fourwallspublishing.com<\/a><em>.\u00a0 Email:<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:mattchaney@fourwallspublishing.com\">mattchaney@fourwallspublishing.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Select References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>17 Transmitters Now Broadcast from Paducah. (1939, Dec. 31). <em>Paducah Sun-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 14.<\/p>\n<p>75 Exhibitors a First U.S. Radio Show. (1922, July 2). <em>Brooklyn Eagle<\/em> NY, p. 26.<\/p>\n<p>6,000 Applaud Police Benefit. (1925, Nov. 6). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 12.<\/p>\n<p>A Very Popular Place. (1907, Sept. 15). <em>Jackson News<\/em> MS, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Abe Martin Says. (1926, Feb. 17). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Advertising by Wireless Latest in Broadcasting. (1922, Feb. 4). <em>Washington Herald<\/em> DC, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>After \u201cOur Bob.\u201d (1901, Feb. 22). <em>Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle<\/em> TN, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Alexander, T.H. (1925, Dec. 17). By The Way. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>All Over the South. (1882, Oct. 8, <em>Memphis Appeal<\/em> TN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Amusements. (1909, June 1). At the Majestic. <em>Arkansas Democrat<\/em>, Little Rock AR, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Amusements. (1909, June 3). <em>Arkansas Gazette<\/em>, Little Rock AR, p. 11.<\/p>\n<p>Amusements. (1909, June 5). At the Majestic. <em>Arkansas Democrat<\/em>, Little Rock AR, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>An Evening with Fashion. (1902, Sept. 26). <em>Winona Democrat<\/em> MS, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Another Big Program. (1907, June 9). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>At the Sign of the \u2018Seven Seers.\u2019 (1926, Feb. 2). Uncle \u201cMellie\u201d Dunham. <em>Cedar Rapids Republican<\/em> IA, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>At The Theatres. (1909, May 30). <em>Arkansas Gazette<\/em>, Little Rock AR, p. 16.<\/p>\n<p>Barry, W.V. (1932, Jan. 22) Blind Violinist Dead. <em>Lexington Progress<\/em> TN, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Binds, J. (1922, Aug. 6). The Tribune radio\u2014News of the air routes\u2014By Jack Binns. <em>New York Tribune<\/em> NY, p. 26.<\/p>\n<p>Bits of State News. (1900, Sept. 12). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d a Wonder. (1909, April 29). <em>Hickman Courier<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d Concert. (1898, Feb. 23). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d Mangrum. (1905, Sept. 5). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d Mangrum, Once Known Far and Wide as Violinist, Here. (1927, Feb. 14). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d Mangrum to Enter Vaudeville. (1909, May 16). <em>Louisville Courier-Journal<\/em> KY, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlind Joe\u201d Mangrum Sees How Paducah has Grown. (1906, Jan. 6). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> NY, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Blind Joe Stirs Up Memories of Early Days. (1909, May 18). <em>Montgomery Times<\/em> AL, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Blind Joe\u2019s Music Pleases Radio Fans Far Away. (1922, Dec. 9). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Blind Violinist Artist Again for WIAR Radio Post. (1922, Dec. 29). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Bob Taylor\u2019s Lecture. (1907, Oct. 31). <em>Jackson Daily News<\/em> MS, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Broadcast Rudy Radio Program Thursday Night. (1922, July 26). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>Broadcaster to Work Tonight. (1922, June 15). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Cairo. (1922, April 8). [Advertisement.] <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Camisa Brothers to give Program for WIAR Tonight. (1922, Dec. 19). <em>Paducah Evening Sun <\/em>KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Castalian Springs, One of Mississippi\u2019s Greatest Health Resorts. (1894, Aug. 16). <em>Jackson Clarion-Ledger<\/em> MS, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Chilton, O.W. (1922, 19). Radio Clubs Popular; Why Not Here? <em>Caruthersville Democrat<\/em> MO, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Church Services. (1905, Sept. 3). Musical entertainment. <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>City News in Brief. (1905, Sept. 7). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>City News in Brief. (1907, July 13). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Clark, F. (1922, Nov. 7). Radio News. <em>Richmond Palladium-Item<\/em> IN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Cobb Gets Paper Out. (1922, Dec. 30). <em>New York Times<\/em> NY, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Competition Assures Finest Concerts to Radio Listeners. (1922, Aug. 4). <em>Camden Courier-Post<\/em> NJ, p. 13.<\/p>\n<p>Craig, B. (1996, Feb. 21). Black history profile. <em>Paducah Sun<\/em> KY, p. 45.<\/p>\n<p>Current Notes. (1886, Aug. 17). <em>New York Times<\/em> NY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Daily Broadcasting Schedule is Planned for Rudy\u2019s Radio Unit. <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Dennis, P.R. (2000, May). <em>Music in Jackson, Tennessee: 1875-1917<\/em>. Doctoral thesis in musicology, University of Memphis: Memphis TN.<\/p>\n<p>Distant Stations Pick Up WIAR Music Programs and Ask for More Just Like It. (1922, Nov. 30). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Elite. (1910, March 27). [Advertisement.] <em>Meridian Star<\/em> MS, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Excursion to Cairo Sunday Sept. 15<sup>th<\/sup>. (1918, Sept. 10). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>First Program of Station WSM. (1925, Oct. 4). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 40.<\/p>\n<p>Gale Fails to keep Out Sun Station, Repair in Time for Night Program. (1922, Nov. 28). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Gilchrist, A.S. (1910). <em>The Night-Rider\u2019s Daughter<\/em>. Marshall &amp; Bruce Company: Nashville TN.<\/p>\n<p>Green, S. (2019, Jan. 11, accessed). Blind Joe Mangrum. traildriver.com.<\/p>\n<p>Havana, Cuba, Catches Concert from WIAR. (1922, Dec. 8). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 13.<\/p>\n<p>Hay, G.D. (1925, Dec. 26). Uncle Jimmy is feature at WSM. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 17.<\/p>\n<p>Hay, G.D. (1925, Dec. 27). WSM to feature old-time tunes. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 17.<\/p>\n<p>Heath, P.S. (1889, Dec. 25). The lives of great men. <em>Omaha Bee<\/em> NE, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Hill-Billy Tunes are Fad in Tin Pan Alley. (1926, May 17). <em>Brainerd Dispatch<\/em> MN, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Home Brevities. (1908, Sept. 11). <em>Lexington Advertiser<\/em> MS, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Home Brevities. (1909, May 14). <em>Lexington Advertiser<\/em> MS, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Howdy, Folks! WIAR sends Greetings. (1922, Dec. 21). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Humboldt. (1886, Dec. 29). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>In The Literary World. (1910, Nov. 20). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 34.<\/p>\n<p>In The Round-Up. (1912, Aug. 31). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>J.A. Rudy &amp; Sons Department Store. (1922, July 23). [Advertisement.] <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKentucky Jazz\u201d to Give Program on Radio Tonight. (1922, Dec. 18). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, pp. 1, 11.<\/p>\n<p>Kentucky Kernals. (1909, April 28). <em>Paducah Evening<\/em> Sun KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Kiwanians Given a Rare Treat Today. (1925, July 17). <em>Kingsport Times<\/em> TN, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLet Mellie Dunham Come Here,\u201d Says \u201cUncle Jimmy,\u201d Eager for Contest. (1926, Jan. 5). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 12.<\/p>\n<p>Listeners Pick Up Season\u2019s Finest Music Program over Sun\u2019s Broadcasting Station. (1922, Dec. 8). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, pp. 1, 3.<\/p>\n<p>Local and Personal Notes. (1909, Jan. 22). <em>Aberdeen Weekly<\/em> MS, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Local News. (1886, Jan. 1). <em>Hickman Courier<\/em> KY, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Lynn, N. (2018). Blind Joe Mangrum. McCracken County Public Library KY, www.mclib.net.<\/p>\n<p>Majestic. (1909, May 16). [Advertisement.] <em>Montgomery Advertiser<\/em> AL, p. 16.<\/p>\n<p>Malone, B.C. (1979). <em>Southern Music, American Music<\/em>. The University Press of Kentucky: Lexington KY.<\/p>\n<p>Market Publications Urge Use of Radio In Advertising. (1922, May 7). <em>Daily Oklahoman<\/em>, Oklahoma City OK, p. 50.<\/p>\n<p>Melody from Field Show is Sent Thru Air by Sun Radio; Program Picked Up. (1922, Dec. 6). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, pp. 1, 8.<\/p>\n<p>Memorial Music of Elks\u2019 Service Will Go into the Air Tonight from WIAR. (1922, Dec. 7). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Meyer, R.F. (1989). <em>Backwoods Jazz in the Twenties<\/em>. Southeast Missouri State University, Center for Regional History and Cultural Heritage: Cape Girardeau MO.<\/p>\n<p>Moonlight Excursion. (1918, May 16). [Advertisement.] <em>Hickman Courier<\/em> KY, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Musicale at Dresden. (1902, Jan. 18). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Musicians, Entertainers and Invited officials to Attend WSM Opening. (1925, Sept. 27). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 20.<\/p>\n<p>Negro\u2019s Fair Aug. 10 to be Largest Held. (1921, Aug. 6). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Neuman, F.G. (1923, Jan. 7). Paducah, a city of marked interest to visitors always. <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 26.<\/p>\n<p>Neuman, F.G. (1940, June 23). Sidelights On Paducah. <em>Paducah Sun-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>News and Gossip of State Capitol. (1916, Sept. 1). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Nichols, E. (1935, April 13). Colored Pontiac violinist was ante-bellum Tennessee slave. <em>Bloomington Pantagraph<\/em> IL, pp. 9, 11.<\/p>\n<p>Obituary. (1912, Feb. 4). Mrs. A.S. Gilchrist. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 23.<\/p>\n<p>Of a Local Nature. (1908, Oct. 23). <em>Lexington Advertiser<\/em> MS, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Old-Time Fiddlers of 9 States Contest for Middle West Title. (1926, April 3). <em>Joplin Globe <\/em>MO, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Out-Of-Town-Notes. (1899, March 13). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Out-Of-Town-Notes. (1900, Sept. 10). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Paducah-Made Products Find Outlet to Consumers Thru J.A. Rudy &amp; Sons, Largest Store of Its Kind in District. (1931, May 4). <em>Paducah Sun<\/em> KY, p. 7.<\/p>\n<p>Paducah Sends Radio Concert. (1922, July 16). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 9.<\/p>\n<p>Paducahans in Radio Recital. (1922, Nov. 7). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Paxton, E.J. (1945, Nov. 5). Add Your Own Comment. <em>Paducah Sun-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Paxton, E.J. (1947, March 27). Add Your Own Comment. <em>Paducah Sun-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>People and Events. (1890, Feb. 2). Gallatin. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 12.<\/p>\n<p>Personal and Local. (1911, June 15). <em>Osceola Times<\/em> AR, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Personals. (1908, Jan. 25). <em>Wilmington News<\/em> DE, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Picnic. (1921, July 5). [Advertisement.] <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Political Fun in Tennessee. (1886, Sept. 20). <em>Pittsburgh Post<\/em> PA, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Powerful Radio Station Set Up by Youth Here. (1922, Nov. 7). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Profilet, F.M. (1922, Aug. 27). Social and Personal. <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Program to Be Sent to Diners. (1922, Sept. 15). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 13.<\/p>\n<p>Radio By-The-Clock. (1926, April 17). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Radio Concert Pleases Many. (1922, July 28). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>Radio for Firemen Given Test by Paducah Concert. (1922, Dec. 30). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Radio is Heard Plainly at Broadway Services. (1922, Oct. 30). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Radio Phone is Yet Only a Fad. (1922, May 13). <em>Washington Times<\/em> DC, p. 16.<\/p>\n<p>Radio Waves Carry Sun\u2019s Program from Cold North to Cities in the Sunny South. (1922, Dec. 2). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>River Ripplings. (1909, Sept. 13). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 9.<\/p>\n<p>Rudy Station Now Sending Programs. (1922, Aug. 16). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 7.<\/p>\n<p>Rudy Store to Open Free Radio. (1922, April 29). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Rudy\u2019s Broadcasting Station Opens Tonight. (1922, July 27). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Rudy\u2019s Fountain. (1922, Oct. 7). [Advertisement.] <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>Rudy\u2019s To Broadcast Radio Program Tonight. (1922, Sept. 9). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 12.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, F.C. (1925, March 6). John Smith and his radio. <em>Caruthersville Democrat-Argus<\/em> MO, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Sanderson, B. (1966, Nov. 2). Jazz fans agree that Nat Story\u2019s music hath charm. <em>Paducah Sun<\/em> KY, p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>Slogan Wanted to Carry Paducah on Radio Waves When Messages Flashed. (1922, Nov. 22). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Society. (1887, March 14). Dresden. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 7.<\/p>\n<p>Society With Our Neighbors. (1892, May 2). Union City. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSolemn Old Judge\u201d is Now with WSM. (1925, Nov. 12). <em>Racine Journal Times<\/em> WI, p. 19.<\/p>\n<p>Some Radiograms for Radio Bugs. (1922, Dec. 19). <em>Wilson County Citizen<\/em>, Fredonia KS, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>State Social News. (1901, April 22). Union City. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>State Social News. (1902, April 14). Union City. <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>Stop, Look and Read. (1924, Oct. 1). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 12.<\/p>\n<p>Sun Broadcasting Plant Nearly Ready, Aerial is Swung, Tests Come Next. (1922, Nov. 24). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Sun Radio is Putting Bluegrass on Broadway. (1922, Dec. 8). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Sun Will Run Broadcasting Plant of Own. (1922, Nov. 20). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Taylor, B. (July 22, 1899). Governor Taylor\u2019s Love Letters To The Public. <em>Grenada Sentinel<\/em> MS, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>Teachers at Union City. (1899, June 17). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat Tired Feeling\u201d Desirable in Announcer\u2019s Voice\u2014Many Too Rapid. (1925, Nov. 14). <em>Sioux Falls Argus-Leader<\/em> SD, p. 21.<\/p>\n<p>The Conference of Chancellors. (1871, Oct. 21). <em>Jackson Whig and Tribune<\/em> TN, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>The Penitentiary Muddle. (1886, Feb. 23). <em>Semi-Weekly South Kentuckian<\/em>, Hopkinsville KY, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>The Rudy &amp; Sons Radio. (1922, Oct. 1). [Advertisement.] <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 13.<\/p>\n<p>The Sun\u2019s Radio. (1922, Nov. 24). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p>The Tennessee Campaign Continues Warm. (1886, Oct. 19). <em>Glens Falls Post-Star<\/em> NY, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>The Weather. (1922, Dec. 8). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>The Week in Society. (1914, Feb. 28). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>They are Jolly Good Fellows. (1886, Sept. 15). <em>Carlisle Sentinel<\/em> PA, p.1.<\/p>\n<p>Thursday Night, Nov. 5<sup>th<\/sup>. (1925, Nov. 4). [Advertisement.] <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 9.<\/p>\n<p>Tilghman Orchestra, Playing Radio Broadcasting Debut, Sends Out Splendid Program. (1922, Nov. 29). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s Radio. (1922, Dec. 3). <em>Richmond Times Dispatch<\/em> VA, p. 27.<\/p>\n<p>Truck Radio Pleases Crowd. (1922, Aug. 17). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 9.<\/p>\n<p>Using Bed Springs as Aerial, Philadelphia Fan \u201cGets\u201d WIAR. (1922, Dec. 7). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>Vocal Artists are on WIAR Program for Week; Stations Far Away Send Greetings. (1922, Dec. 12). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Warmly Welcomed. (1891, May 21). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Weather. (1922, Dec. 9). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>When You Wake Up on Christmas Morning, You Might Find a Radio Set in your Stocking. (1922, Dec. 22). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>WIAR will Offer Music Treats to \u201cFans\u201d this Week. (1922, Dec. 11). <em>Paducah Evening Sun<\/em> KY, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Will Give a Concert. (1905, Oct. 6). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>Will Take College to Farm. (1925, Oct. 15). <em>Caruthersville Journal<\/em> MO, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Wingfield, S. (1980, Aug. 6). Station Break? Not at PAD. <em>Paducah Sun<\/em> KY, p. 10.<\/p>\n<p>Wired Wireless Newest Thing in Radio World. (1922, March 25). <em>Cairo Bulletin<\/em> IL, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Want Blind Joe to Broadcast. (1926, Jan. 15). <em>Paducah News-Democrat<\/em> KY, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>WSM to Put on Barn Dances Tonight during Test Period. (1926, Jan. 30). <em>Nashville Tennessean<\/em> TN, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>Yaarab Temple\u2019s Big Oriental Band Plans Tacky Party. (1925, Feb. 15). <em>Atlanta Constitution<\/em> GA, p. 48.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twenty-Eighth in a Series By Matt Chaney, for ChaneysBlog.com Posted Tuesday, January 29, 2019 Copyright\u00a0\u00a92019 for historical arrangement and original content by Matthew L. Chaney, Four Walls Publishing H.R. Lovelace\u2019s new radio was malfunctioning at his home in Charleston, Mo., approaching midnight on Dec. 8, 1922. The set produced only static and hum, and Lovelace &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/?p=3219\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pioneer Radio Aired Jazz and Country Music from Paducah<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[283,374],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4ywFp-PV","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3219"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3219"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4004,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3219\/revisions\/4004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourwallspublishing.com\/BlogMChaney\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}